Construction sector

1- Introduction

     1- Pre-construction

     2- Construction

     3- Post-construction


1-Introduction

Construction is one of the oldest professions, evolving through various civilizations, and remains one of the landmarks of vanished civilizations to tell their stories.

In the current era, there are three types of construction: residential, commercial, and industrial.

The construction sector intersects with several sectors such as real estate and most sectors that require industrial or commercial construction.

Generally, construction typically occurs in three stages:

1- Pre-construction

2- Construction

3- Post-construction



1- Pre-construction

 

There are several steps that are taken before starting construction, and this depends on the type of construction, its location, and the purpose of the construction.

Initially, a feasibility study is conducted for the construction, followed by cost estimation. Then comes the step of engineering designs and plans (including electrical, plumbing, and structural designs), soil analysis, quantity surveying, and procurement of materials and equipment required for construction. Subsequently, the planning phase for the implementation process begins, which involves scheduling the timeline for each step, as well as the equipment and tools to be used. Typically, contracts are signed with a contractor or multiple contractors to carry out the work in the form of agreements.

 

 

2- Construction

At this stage, there are three steps:

1- Foundation: It begins with preparing the ground by cleaning and leveling it, placing necessary warnings. Then comes the excavation stage, clearing debris, laying the ground, setting foundation pillars, pouring foundations, and backfilling.

Next, above-ground construction starts with erecting columns, followed by building walls with bricks or concrete, considering electrical and plumbing installations. Subsequently, plastering processes take place.

2- Finishing: Afterward, the interior finishing stage begins with painting, tiling, installing lighting, sockets, and sanitary fixtures. Exterior finishing includes painting and adding decorative elements like stones, wood, and plants.

3- Inspection and Handover: Upon completing the previous stages, the building undergoes inspection, checking its quality, installations, and conducting necessary tests for assurance. Then, the handover process follows.

 
 
 

3- Post-construction

 

1- Maintenance:

After completing the construction, the building undergoes maintenance to preserve it. The type of maintenance depends on the building’s purpose. For industrial buildings, regular maintenance is carried out.

2- Renovation:

If the building is old, renovation is undertaken to refurbish and prolong its lifespan.

3- Demolition:

The building is demolished to utilize the site for constructing another building or for other purposes