Transportation Sector
1- Introduction
1- Land transportation.
2- Maritime transportation.
3- Air transportation.
1- Introduction
The Transportation sector has witnessed numerous developments, especially since the beginning of the millennium, with the advancement of industry. The land transportation sector has evolved into modern electric cars, while in air transportation, airplanes are now extensively used after being primarily used as weapons of war.
No other sectors can do without the transportation sector, as it is involved in almost all other sectors. The transportation sector can be divided into three main areas:
1- Land transportation.
2- Maritime transportation.
3- Air transportation.
1- Land transportation
There are three main elements that govern the land transportation sector:
1- Regulatory:
It is subject to regulation and management by local governments and transportation ministries, including driver licenses, road safety, insurance, and taxes.
2- Infrastructure:
Roads and Highways: This includes a network of roads and highways connecting cities, industrial and commercial areas.
Bridges and Tunnels: These facilitate the passage over natural barriers such as rivers and valleys, reducing travel time.
Train and Bus Stations: These provide central distribution points for public transportation passengers.
Logistic Facilities: These include distribution centers and warehouses that provide facilities for storing and distributing goods.
3- Operations:
Operating land transportation involves several methods and techniques for providing logistical services and transporting passengers and goods. Here are some common ways of operating land transportation:
Private Companies: This method involves private companies providing land transportation services, whether for passengers or goods. Private companies may include car rental companies, shipping companies, and public transport companies.
Public Companies: These are government-owned companies that provide land transportation services, typically owned and operated by the government. These companies may be responsible for public transport, such as buses and trains, as well as logistic shipping.
Self-Operation: These are companies or institutions that operate and manage their own transportation fleet without relying on external companies. Self-operation includes renting or purchasing vehicles, hiring drivers and workers, and maintaining vehicles.
Agencies and Agents: Companies can provide land transportation services through agencies and agents, where the company acts as an agent or representative for another company in providing services. Agencies and agents may play a role in providing land transportation services for international or specialized shipments.
2- Maritime transportation
There are three main elements that govern the maritime sector:
1- Regulatory:
It is subject to international and national regulations, where organizations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) intervene. This includes laws, insurances, and maritime standards.
2- Infrastructure:
Ports and Harbors: Ports and harbors are the main maritime access points for ships and centers for loading and unloading cargo.
Piers and Docks: Piers and docks provide areas for ships to berth and load/unload cargo, along with supplying them with services.
Navigation Channels: Navigation channels guide ship traffic and provide safe routes for navigation between ports.
3- Operations:
Operating maritime transportation involves several methods and techniques for providing shipping and maritime transportation services. Here are some common ways of operating maritime transportation:
Private Maritime Companies: Private maritime companies operate ships and provide maritime shipping services to companies and clients. These companies include large shipping companies that own and operate fleets of ships for transporting goods across oceans.
Public Maritime Companies: These are publicly owned companies that provide maritime transportation services, operating under local legislation and laws. These companies are responsible for providing maritime shipping services to companies, governmental, and private entities.
Agency and Brokerage Companies: Agency and brokerage companies provide intermediary and representation services for large maritime companies and clients in the maritime shipping industry. These services include brokering shipping arrangements, negotiating with transportation companies, and coordinating logistical operations.
Self-Operation: Some companies operate and manage their own fleet of ships without relying on external companies. This method includes owning and operating ships, hiring crew, and managing daily operations for maritime shipping and transportation.
3- Air transportation
There are three main elements that control the aviation sector:
1- Regulatory:
It is subject to both international and national regulations, with the intervention of organizations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and includes aviation laws, security, safety, and insurance.
2- Infrastructure:
Airports and runways: Airports and runways are primary air access points and provide platforms for aircraft takeoff and landing.
Buildings and aviation facilities: Main buildings at airports include waiting lounges, shops, and service facilities.
Air traffic control systems: Air traffic control systems facilitate the guidance of flights and ensure safety and security in the airspace.
Maintenance and service areas: Maintenance and service areas at airports provide maintenance and repair services for aircraft and equipment.
3- Operations:
Private airlines: Private airlines operate air transport services for passengers and cargo, including major companies such as national airlines and regional airlines. These companies provide air transport services across a network of domestic and international destinations using a diverse fleet of aircraft.
Public airlines: Public airlines are government-owned companies that provide air transport services within the country. These companies usually provide public air transport and air cargo services under local legislation and laws, and they are usually under the supervision of ministries of transport or civil aviation authorities.
Executive aviation: Executive aviation companies provide private aviation services for individuals and companies, including executive flights, private aircraft, and presidential aircraft. These companies offer customized aviation services for individuals and companies that require a high level of service and comfort.
Agency and brokerage companies: Agency and brokerage companies work in organizing and coordinating air travel and air cargo for clients and companies. These companies handle bookings, cargo organization, and negotiation with airlines on behalf of clients.
Self-operation: Some companies operate and manage their own fleet of aircraft without relying on external companies. This method includes aircraft ownership and operation, crew employment, and daily flight operations.